Nope there isn't really a way to do that. The question has to be "why are Microsoft doing that" more than anything. It's extremely counter-intuitive. Not really sure how you'd go about bringing it to their attention though.
Unfortunately there's a slightly wider problem.
It doesn't really matter how much you increase the maximum allowed redirects it keeps redirecting:
There's something wrong with the way that Microsoft are processing the request. It might be that it doesn't any longer like requests coming from certain HTTP clients or they've introduced a bug in their code that doesn't know how to handle maybe clients without JavaScript or something like that. It could be anything but it isn't totally clear.
And therein lies the exact reason there's a limit. If there wasn't then your server could open a HTTP request that would never close and may slow down your server if it kept happening over and over.
There's not really anything we can do at this point. I'm going to have to suggest you try to get in touch with Microsoft in some fashion and report this to them.
Worth noting XF isn't the only RSS reader that is affected. Popular online RSS feed reader Feedly is affected to:
And Inoreader:
It's highly unlikely this can be fixed without intervention from Microsoft so unfortunately we'll have to close this for now. Please do reply and let us know if/when it gets fixed though.