No, but you could use the Coupon system for this.
You can have coupons automatically apply to user groups and also allow only certain user groups to use certain vouchers.
So, you'd create a new coupon only usable by Premium which gives a $100 discount on a specific product and have it automatically assign to the Premium group. Assuming that the default price for most users is $200, when a Registered member adds the product to their cart it will cost $200. When the Premium member adds it to their cart, it will cost $200, but they will have the coupon automatically apply a discount of $100 meaning they will only have to pay $100.
The only real thing missing is any sort of visibility for Premium members that they will get a discount. i.e. the product list will still list the product at $200. Though, this should be relatively simple to fix with a template edit or two, or you just advertise that deal to them directly somewhere else and make it clear that the discount is applied at the cart automatically.
The only other thing worth noting is that even if a coupon automatically applies, they can remove the coupon if they wish. I guess this could be done accidentally, and they end up paying full price, so it's something to make them aware of.