Yorick is right - I find the easiest way for me to understand it is that instead of an file (php, for instance) being a big hairball of all the functions and the supporting stuff, they are separated out into logical parts.
I'm not a programmer, but these phrases make sense to a layman:
"MVC helps out because you know where to look when it comes to modifying components" "MVC is simply about separating the three key parts of your app to make it easier to test, maintain, etc."