Industrial hemp
Main article:
Hemp
The decision of the
United States Congress to pass the
Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 was based on hearings
[21] reports.
[22] In 1936 the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN) noticed an increase of reports of people smoking marijuana, which further increased in 1937.[
citation needed] The Bureau drafted a legislative plan for Congress, seeking a new law and the head of the FBN,
Harry J. Anslinger, ran a campaign against marijuana.
[23][24] Newspaper mogul
William Randolph Hearst's empire of newpapers began publishing what is known as "
Yellow journalism", demonizing the cannabis plant and putting emphasis on connections between cannabis and violent crime.
[25] Several scholars argue that the goal was to destroy the hemp industry,
[26][27][28] largely as an effort of Hearst,
Andrew Mellon and the
Du Pont family.
[26][28] They argue that with the invention of the
decorticator, hemp became a very cheap substitute for the
paper pulp that was used in the newspaper industry.
[26][29] They also believe that Hearst felt that this was a threat to his extensive
timber holdings. Mellon,
Secretary of the Treasury and the wealthiest man in America, had invested heavily in the
DuPont's new synthetic fiber,
nylon, and considered its success to depend on its replacement of the traditional resource, hemp.
[26][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] According to other researchers were completely different things than hemp important for DuPont in the mid-1930s: to finish the product nylon before its German competitors, to start plants for nylon with much larger capacity, etc.
[37]
In 1916,
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) chief scientists Jason L. Merrill and
Lyster H. Dewey created a paper, USDA Bulletin No. 404 "Hemp Hurds as Paper-Making Material", in which they concluded that paper from the woody inner portion of the hemp stem broken into pieces, so called hemp hurds, was "favorable in comparison with those used with pulp wood". Dewey and Merrill believed that hemp hurds were a suitable source for paper production.
[38] In 2003 95 % of the hemp hurds in
EU were used for animal bedding, almost 5% were used as building material. In addition, 70 to 80% of hemp fiber produced was used for specialty pulp for cigarette papers and technical applications.
[39]

Hemp, bast with fibers. The stem in the middle.
In 1916 assumed the United States Department of Agriculture - partly based on the incorrect finding about hemp hurds of USDA Bulletin No. 404 - that the production of hemp would rise in the U.S. In reality, production fell until 1933 due to competition with other fibers and import. In 1933, production was only around 500 tons of hemp fiber per year. 1934-1935 the cultivation of hemp began to increase but still with a very low volume compared with other types of fibers and with no significant increase in production of paper from hemp.
[40]
There was also a misconceptions about the intoxicating effects of hemp because it has the same active substance,
THC, which is in the most potent substance cannabis strains. Hemp has normally a minimal amount of THC when compared to recreational cannabis strains but, but in the 1930's was
THC not yet fully identified.
[41] The method's FBN used for predicting the psychoactive effect of different samples of cannabis and hemp gave therefore confusing results