Listeners will take care of various pieces of code that extend existing XenForo code. But it won't disable template modifications, naturally it won't disable manual template customisations either.
Disabling listeners basically isn't necessarily the same as disabling all add-ons.
First of all, as it's a template error, I'd be inclined to test it on a XenForo default style. If you no longer have this, you can create it by creating a new style with no parent.
That will narrow it down somewhat.
If the problem persists, I'd recommend disabling all add-ons manually.