As you may remember I'm on Cloud hosting so my choices are limited and I still don't want to switch to Cloudflare.
Understandable.
What I did in the past was use discourage mode. But if I put too many IP addresses in there it would throttle the site and eventually grind to a halt.
Foreseeable issue. And on top of that the wrong strategy that does harm to yourself but barely affects the scrapers.
But not when I have 12k bots all with different IP addresses. If I were smart I would get us on Cloudflare where I could probably block an entire ASN? But these bot swarms don't seem to stay long and they don't throttle the site.
You should read the thread that you started to better understand what is happening. Plus to find out that there are solutions that do not involve Cloudflare. I'd recommend using this add on
Smart IP monitoring system protecting your forum from bots and DDoS attacks, boosting performance
which should work on cloud and gives you
• rate limiting with challenge
• VPN blocking
• ASN blocking
• Country blocking
• Net and IP blacklisting
• Net and IP whitelisting
• realtime check of IPs against the proxycheck.io API
This is a toolset that can massively limit the problem. I can provide you with the commented list of 450+ ASNs I block and the countries that I block. Of both you can easily filter which you do not want to block due to your regular audience but way more than half of the ASNs are datacenter and not normal users, so no harm to expect. This will linder the issue massively.
On top of that this add on
Shows a list of bots, guests and members accessing your forum.
is relatively simple but does the job to provide you with the country an IP visiting your forum is coming from. Pretty neat for finding holes in your blocking strategy and fixing them.