I would say even it it did work, your members will frequently not post in the "correct" node.
XenForo search works well, enhanced search even better, users will still find the content with less nodes and will post in the correct node more often with less nodes. I would suggest broader node names, which equals less nodes, which will actually result in more organized content.
If you force so many nodes on your members it will likely be too overwhelming. In organizing into so many nodes, the look and feel will likely be just the opposite, resulting in a disjointed and disorganized look and feel. Also consider using thread prefixes, instead of separate nodes, if it will fit your needs.
Strictly performance wise, it will likely work. I've seen other XenForo sites with 300+ nodes. XenForo 2.3+ queries are pretty optimized at this point, but server specs could come into play.